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THE ELECTROMETRIC STUDY OF DAM WITH DIAPHRAGM: COMPARISON OF ELECTRODE AND CURRENT MEASUREMENT ON MODELLING DATA
1 Sсhmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
2 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Journal: Geophysical research
Tome: 22
Number: 4
Year: 2021
Pages: 43-60
UDK: 550.837.3 + 550.8.08 + 627.8.06
DOI: 10.21455/gr2021.4-3
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Kaznacheev P.A., Ushakov D.A., Kamshilin A.N. THE ELECTROMETRIC STUDY OF DAM WITH DIAPHRAGM: COMPARISON OF ELECTRODE AND CURRENT MEASUREMENT ON MODELLING DATA // . 2021. Т. 22. № 4. С. 43-60. DOI: 10.21455/gr2021.4-3
@article{KaznacheevTHE2021,
author = "Kaznacheev, P. A. and Ushakov, D. A. and Kamshilin, A. N.",
title = "THE ELECTROMETRIC STUDY OF DAM WITH DIAPHRAGM: COMPARISON OF ELECTRODE AND CURRENT MEASUREMENT ON MODELLING DATA",
journal = "Geophysical research",
year = 2021,
volume = "22",
number = "4",
pages = "43-60",
doi = "10.21455/gr2021.4-3",
language = "English"
}
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Keywords: electrometry, electrical resistivity tomography, dams, diaphragm, watertight element, electrode measurements, current measurements
Аnnotation: The use of geophysical methods for geological engineering exploration of hydraulic facilities (primarily dams at the construction stage) is important for determining their physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials of structures. Deviation of characteristics of materials from design, its modification and degradation of individual elements can disrupt stable operation of facilities. Critical structural disturbances of the latter may be associated with abnormal filtration flows and may be dangerous for functioning and integrity of facilities. Malfunction of watertight element are especially dangerous.
Electrical exploration (electrometric) methods of geophysics are suitable for detecting and tracking such malfunctions if there is a large contrast between resistivity of ground parts of dam and resistivity of watertight elements. This condition is fullfilled for watertight elements made of materials that are weakly conducting electric current. These elements are screens and diaphragms. For diaphragms, study by geophysical methods is more relevant than for screens, since diaphragms are located inside body of dam and direct access to them is difficult.
For a dam with diaphragm, continuity of which is broken by a cutout, a geoelectric model was compiled. Configurations of electrometric setups of traditional electrode measurements (electrical resistivity tomography) and current measurements by a current gauge were determined. The problem was to detect the cutout and estimate its size. The tomography setup was located along the body of the dam on top. The current setup consisting of a mobile current electrode and the current gauge was located in water from upstream side.
On the basis of numerical simulation, a distribution of electric field in the model, measurement data for the tomography setup and for the current setup were obtained. It was shown that there are anomalies directly related to the cutout. The shape, size, and magnitude of the anomalies in tomography make direct identification difficult, but can be calibrated by analyzing multiple models. In current measurements, the shape, magnitude, and size of the anomaly clearly correspond to the cutout. Dependencies of measured value on width and position of the cutout were determined. These dependencies show a possibility of technologically efficient identification of presence of the cutout and evaluation of its parameters. From comparison of electrical resistivity tomography and current measurement data, it is determined that these methods can effectively complement each other.
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Kaznacheev P.A., Development and study of the complex of tools for active geoelectrical monitoring using local current gauges, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) Dissertation, Moscow: IPE RAS, 2014, 227 p. [In Russian].
Kaznacheev P.A., Popov I.Y., Modin I.N., Zhostkov R.A., Application of independent finite element modeling for estimating the effect of simplest landforms on results of inversion of electrical resistivity tomography data (example of a trench with the triangular cross-section), Seismic Instruments, 2020, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 531-539. DOI: 10.3103/S0747923920050084
Kamshilin A.N., Kaznacheev P.A., Local current gauge: Instrument for geoelectric measurements, Seismic Instruments, 2018, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 573-578. DOI: 10.3103/S0747923918050079
Käss W., Tracing Technique in Geohydrology, Boca Raton: CRC, 2018, 602 p.
Loperte A., Soldovieri F., Lapenna V., Monte Cotugno dam monitoring by the electrical resistivity tomography, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2015, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 5346-5351. DOI: 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2476663
Makarov D.V., Modin I.N., Geoelectrical researching of an embankment dam in the permafrost zone: the first step of monitoring, Inzhenernye izyskaniya (Engineering survey), 2013, no. 10-11, pp. 116-121. [In Russian].
Modin I.N., Bolshakov D.K., Bomkin S.V., Skobelev A.D., Baranchuk K.I., Efremov K.D., Pelevin A.A., Repev A.S., Construction of three-dimensional model top of the geological environment according electrical resistivity tomography for geotechnical problems, in Geomodel 2015 – 17th science and applied research conference on oil and gas geological exploration and development, Conference Proceedings, Sep 2015, 2015, vol. 2015, cp-448-00019, pp. 1-11. [In Russian]. DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201412239
Ogil’vi A.A., Osnovy inzhenernoi geofiziki (Fundamentals of Engineering Geophysics), Moscow: Nedra, 1990, 501 p. [In Russian].
Olenchenko V.V., Osipova P.S., Electrical Resistivity Tomography of the Frozen Embankment Dam, in Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2020, Sep 2020, Conference Proceedings, 2020, vol. 2020, pp. 1-8. DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202051007
Orman L., Zardari M., Mattson H., Bejelkevik A., Numerical analysis of curved embankment of an upstream tailings dam, The Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 931-944.
Osika V.I., Kochetkov B.M., Pavlov E.I., Kachan I.P., Monitoring of the deformation state of critical and technically complex objects, Nauchnoe Priborostroenie (Scientific Instrumentation), 2017, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 46-52. [In Russian]. DOI: 10.18358/np-27-1-i4652
Özdemir A., Defining groundwater resource protection zones in aquifers using stable isotope analysis: a case study from the Namazgah Dam Basin in Turkey, Environ. Earth. Sci., 2019, vol. 78, no. 509, pp. 1-18. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-019-8514-7
P 72-2000. Rekomendatsii po provedeniyu vizual'nykh nablyudenii i obsledovanii na gruntovykh plotinakh (P 72-2000. Recommendations about carrying out visual observations and inspections on soil dams), Saint-Petersburg: VNIIG, 2000, 72 p. [In Russian].
Rekomendatsii po statisticheskim metodam analiza odnorodnosti prostranstvenno-vremennykh kolebaniy rechnogo stoka (Recommendations on statistical methods for analyzing the homogeneity of space-time fluctuations in river flow), Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1984, 78 p. [In Russian].
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Wodajo L.T., Hickey C.J., Brackett T.C., Application of Seismic Refraction and Electrical Resistivity Cross-Plot Analysis: A Case Study at Francis Levee Site, in Lorenzo J., Doll W. (eds.) Levees and Dams: Advances in Geophysical Monitoring and Characterization, Cham: Springer, 2019, pp. 23-40.
Zanbak C., Failure mechanism and kinematics of Ajka tailings pond incident 4th October 2010, in Turkish Chemical Manufacturers Association Seminar, Istanbul, Turkey, 2010. URL: http://www.wiseuranium.org/mdafko.html
Zhong Q., Chen S., Deng Z., A simplified physically-based model for core dam overtopping breach, Engineering Failure Analysis, 2018, vol. 90, pp. 141-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.03.032
